Some Math
The mean of a set of values [math](x_1, x_2, ..., x_n)[/math] is often represented by [math]\overline{x}[/math]. The calculation of the mean is:
[display]\overline{x} = \mu = {\sum_{i=1}^n x_i \over n}[/display]
The mean may make use of weights (p):
[display]\overline{x} = \mu = {\sum_{i=1}^n x_i p_i \over \sum_{i=1}^n p_i}[/display]
You may want to normalize your weights, which means that their sum will equal 1, with the following:
[display]w_i = {p_i \over {\sum_{j=1}^n p_j}}[/display]
With normalized weights, you can simplify with the following:
[display]\overline{x} = \mu = \sum_{i=1}^n x_i w_i[/display]
The median is the average of "the two center numbers". Say you have a set of n numbers, sorted from smallest to largest, the median is calculated as:
[display]median(x) = {{x_{\lceil{n \over 2}\rceil} + x_{\lceil{n \over 2}\rceil +1}} \over 2}[/display]
[display]s = \sigma = \sqrt {{\sum_{i=1}^n (x_i - \overline{x})} \over {n - 1}}[/display]
With a complete sample, you can divide by n instead of n - 1, in which case we get a discrete random variable (assuming normalized weights):
[display]\sigma = \sqrt {{\sum_{i=1}^n w_i{(x_i - \mu)}^2}}[/display]
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